Experts advice : “It is pointless to split the nut with a sledgehammer.”-The same can be said about the data centers. It is better to match the chosen tool for the task. Typically the construction of such complex engineering of data center is based on the principle of entirety. A uniform model of the infrastructure used for the operation of all systems and applications, regardless of their censorious or production risk in the event of unplanned downtime. To meet the growing demand for critical operational environments using models that have a high level of redundancy. Data centers are designed to provide a compact technological systems, “uninterrupted” applications, and active business models. Nevertheless, in many cases this leads to unnecessary costs for the initial construction and ongoing operation of the data center.

While IT directors are forced to work within tight budgetary constraints, they should focus on next-generation data center. This center should include several working levels, each of which corresponds to the production priorities and the captiousness of specific technological systems and applications. Typically, multilevel data center reduces capital costs by 15 – 25%. This architecture saves energy, requires less support resources and work more efficiently, whereas it also reduce the total cost of ownership.

Development Of Data Centers

The data centers are developed in four-level system for measuring levels of reliability of different tier data centers. At the first level, data centers which have the lowest efficiency of 99,671%, while the fourth level of tier 4 are the data centers that have the highest rate of continued use of 99.995%. The dilemma, which has to be faced by the developers and administrators, is that, the most data centers are a mixture of technology and environment, which consists of systems and applications that have different levels of severity and business activity.

For example, bank ATM-systems must work around the clock, and therefore they need the fourth level, which consists of several power supply systems and air conditioning, redundant components and modules that provide fault tolerance. On the other hand, in the same environment, there are some applications, such as the verification system of checks and remittances, which are not heavily affected by the downtime and are suitable with a lower level of redundancy.

However, the standard data center have a monolithic structure in which all technological systems and applications are located in one place within a one-tier environment. The most critical processes that require a high level of redundancy, are scattered throughout the data center. One-level structures have no simple way to separate smooth and less critical applications. As a result, the entire center should always work “at full capacity,” with unnecessary redundant units reduce efficiency and increase costs.

Multilevel Hybrid Model Of Reliable Data Center

The next stage of development of data centers is a multilevel hybrid model, which allows a single data center to contain several working environments. According to this methodology, data centers can contain levels of a variety of opportunities that meet the specific technological and manufacturing requirements. For example, this model can be applied in developing the data center, the possibility of combining levels of tier 2 and tier 4. This allows you to select the appropriate level of hardware resources to a special section. All of these sections will be built in accordance with (technical) requirements of the specific levels of technological systems and applications that need to be placed in them.

These levels are determined by the method of structured analysis of production priorities.,for example, critical applications will run only in the sections that are intended for working systems that relate to the fourth level of continuity.

Proportional backup infrastructure, all of these sections provides substantial savings on capital (CAPEX) and operational expenditure (OPEX). The initial construction cost of data center can be reduced by 15 – 25%. Multilevel Data Center also provides increased flexibility and expandability. The modular “blocks” in the systems of power and cooling, data centers can quickly move in accordance with the requirements for redundancy in the different sections. This same system reduces the risks to business continuity as well as system and hardware failures are limited to smaller areas in the data center.

Conclusion

From the above explanation we can say that, the multilevel models meet the needs of the modern economy, allowing companies to operate within tight budget constraints, and also enable them to meet the growing production and maintenance requirements for many years.

For several years the growing demand for power and cooling is the main concern of the owners for the data center. The reason is the huge demand for computing power and increase in the density of devices. Simultaneously, a growing trend of transition to modular servers, as a result it is compounded with cooling problems because of more power and it is surrounded by heat.

U.S. Congress has passed a law 109-431, entitled “Act on the study and promotion of energy efficiency of server computers in the United States” and asked the EPA to implement an analysis of energy consumption growth in computer data centers belonging to government agencies and private companies.
The figures shows that,the DPC in the United States spends about 60 billion KV electricity, which amount to approximately 1-1,5% of electricity consumption in the whole country. Power consumption servers and data centers has grown tremendously over the past few years and are expected to increase by the same amount to over 100 billion KW within the next few years. Contribution of modern data center in the peak load on the grid is approximately 7 GW, the equivalent power of 15 types of plants. If the current trend continues, the demand will rise to 12 GW. In other words,U.S. will need to build 10 power plants only to meet the needs of the new data center.
The increased demand for power and cooling (along with a decrease in availability of energy and increase in the prices)has forced the data center industry to switch to “green” technologies for good environment and as well as  for business. Energy prices have increased so much that it is estimated that by 2015 the total annual cost of meals will be higher than the acquisition cost of servers.

Therefore, ESDS has already implemented the choice of measured parameters for the effectiveness of servers, as well as collecting information with similar solutions to improve the efficiency of green data centers in India. The higher prices for electricity, and in some cases, with its limited availability,the organization has began to take the issue of energy used in data centers very seriously. This concern has led to increase the interest in new technologies that address a number of challenges which are as follows:
Controlling growth in the total cost of ownership of the data center. Increased demand for IT services without the proper management of use and sales of devices increases capital and operating costs of engineering infrastructure. Reduces the load on the grid by reducing energy consumption. Lack of sufficient power affects the reliability of data centers and may become a deterrent for business growth. Better use of equipment in accordance with long-term plans for energy management, tangible action in response to public concern regarding the fact that data centers drain U.S. power grid and are responsible for significant amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

To make the best decisions in terms of TCO, reduced energy consumption and maximum filling cabinets require more detailed information about each device, application, cabinets and hardware group as a whole. The ability to monitor the power supply via a separate plug in the device PDU (Power Distribution Unit, PDU) is established in the closet,it can control the situation, improve efficiency, plan for future installations and choose the right place to put cooling resources. Monitoring of nutrition at the level of the device gives a much more detailed information that can not be obtained when such control is exercised at the level of the UPS, floor distributor, through which power is supplied to the counter, or a shield with the switches.

For several years the growing demand for power and cooling is the main concern of the owners for the data center. The reason is the huge demand for computing power and increase in the density of devices. Simultaneously, a growing trend of transition to modular servers, as a result it is compounded with cooling problems because of more power and it is surrounded by heat.

U.S. Congress has passed a law 109-431, entitled “Act on the study and promotion of energy efficiency of server computers in the United States” and asked the EPA to implement an analysis of energy consumption growth in computer data centers belonging to government agencies and private companies.

The figures shows that,the DPC in the United States spends about 60 billion KV electricity, which amount to approximately 1-1,5% of electricity consumption in the whole country. Power consumption servers and data centers has grown tremendously over the past few years and are expected to increase by the same amount to over 100 billion KW within the next few years. Contribution of modern data center in the peak load on the grid is approximately 7 GW, the equivalent power of 15 types of plants. If the current trend continues, the demand will rise to 12 GW. In other words,U.S. will need to build 10 power plants only to meet the needs of the new data center.

The increased demand for power and cooling (along with a decrease in availability of energy and increase in the prices)has forced the data center industry to switch to “green” technologies for good environment and as well as  for business. Energy prices have increased so much that it is estimated that by 2015 the total annual cost of meals will be higher than the acquisition cost of servers. Therefore, ESDS has already implemented the choice of measured parameters for the effectiveness of servers, as well as collecting information with similar solutions to improve the efficiency of green data centers in India.

The higher prices for electricity, and in some cases, with its limited availability,the organization has began to take the issue of energy used in data centers very seriously. This concern has led to increase the interest in new technologies that address a number of challenges which are as follows:

Controlling growth in the total cost of ownership of the data center. Increased demand for IT services without the proper management of use and sales of devices increases capital and operating costs of engineering infrastructure. Reduces the load on the grid by reducing energy consumption. Lack of sufficient power affects the reliability of data centers and may become a deterrent for business growth. Better use of equipment in accordance with long-term plans for energy management, tangible action in response to public concern regarding the fact that data centers drain U.S. power grid and are responsible for significant amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

To make the best decisions in terms of TCO, reduced energy consumption and maximum filling cabinets require more detailed information about each device, application, cabinets and hardware group as a whole. The ability to monitor the power supply via a separate plug in the device PDU (Power Distribution Unit, PDU)isestablished in the closet,it can control the situation, improve efficiency, plan for future installations and choose the right place to put cooling resources. Monitoring of nutrition at the level of the device gives a much more detailed information that can not be obtained when such control is exercised at the level of the UPS, floor distributor, through which power is supplied to the counter, or a shield with the switches.

New metrics as part of the “greening” data centers :

As part of a “green” revolution, the organizations are adopting new standards.To identify and achieve energy efficiency in a data center and IT, a number of options are developed and are recommended.Below is a list of organizations that are most actively involved in this process:

Programme 80 PLUS, American Society of Civil Engineers heating and air conditioning,American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning (ASHRAE), Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions (ATIS), ESMA, EPA Energy Star, Federal Program of Energy Management, PG & E High-Tech Energy Efficiency Incentive, Protocol Energy Measurements or Servers, Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation (SPEC), Industry Association SAN(Storage Network Industry Association, SNIA), Space, Watts and Performance (SwaP), American Council of “green” buildings, US Green Building Council (USGBC), Uptime Institute, Green Grid.

The question is the measurement of energy consumption and determine the measurement point within the supply of data centers to increase their effectiveness. Green Grid takes very active in this area and is also recognized by the industry. In the technical description of the “metrics of energy efficiency data center“, real consumption of IT equipment is proposed to measure directly on the device. Similar documents and metrics provides Uptime, in particular the “Four metrics for determining” environmental friendly “data center”, where one of the three key points of measurement is a hardware load on the connector device.

These metrics have become even more important when other organizations have called attention to the activities of Green Grid in formulating its standards, in particular, a unit of renewable energy by the European Commission intends to formalize a “code of conduct” for data centers. The Code focuses on the electrical load on the part of IT to the load on the engineering infrastructure as one of the key metrics for assessing effectiveness. Currently there are no regulatory initiatives of the EU, which examines the energy efficiency of data centers, so it is likely that the metric proposed by the Green Grid, will be recognized throughout the world.

IDENTIFICATION OF NEW METRIC:

Green Grid is aware of how important it is to have a metric for determining the effectiveness of data center and offers a metric for optimization. As we know, it can not be improved and it is impossible to measure. In an effort to develop metrics that the organization could really use, Green Grid proposed two interrelated parameters – energy efficiency (Power Usage Effectiveness(PUE)) and data center infrastructure efficiency (Data Center Infrastructure Efficiency, DCiE).

Energy Efficiency is defined as follows:

PUE = total power equipment / power of IT equipment

Power of IT equipment (IT Equipment Power). This value represents the load generated by all IT equipment including servers, storage, networking equipment and assistive devices – monitors, KVM, and others.

Total capacity of equipment (Total Facility Power). It includes the entire burden of the IT equipment, as well as serving its infrastructure, in particular, the components of power systems- generators, UPS and switches. By cooling systems include air conditioners for computer rooms (Computer Room Air Conditioning, CRAC), pumps and cooling towers. Other components, such as lighting, network nodes and storage nodes, finalizing a data center infrastructure.

DCiE defined as follows:

DCiE = 1/PUE = Power IT- power equipment x 100%

i.e. it is the reciprocal of PUE.

Both equations suggest that the consumption of IT equipment power is measured after all the transformations of energy, switching and conditioning – directly in front of IT equipment. Therefore, the measuring is the place to connect devices, and measurements are taken by using Power Distribution Unit (PDU) inside the cabinet. New technology wardrobe PDU called “control power to the outlet» (Per Outlet Power Sensing, POPS) already makes it possible to measure the level of specific energy consumption of IT equipment.
Recommendations for measuring power of IT equipment from the Green Grid :

Such measurements can be performed for a particular device application, the cabinet, several cabinets and all the data center. Owning a data center should ensure that PUE value does not exceed more than two units, and ideally be as close as possible to unity. In other words, if the power of IT equipment is 1000 watts, then the data center should not consume more than 2000 watts.

Such metrics like PUE and DCiE, allow the owners of the data center to compare the results with other data center and take the necessary measures to improve energy efficiency. Note that the calculated results will be influenced by something which category corresponds to the data center (Tier).

It is expected that some new parameters are measured and they are working on Green Grid and it will evaluate the efficiency of data centers. These include the methodology for quantitative evaluation of useful work in data centers and the resulting figure is the comparison with the amount of any resources that are consumed to perform this work. This measure DPC (Data Center energy Productivity, DceP) is as yet in the early stages of definition, but soon we will certainly hear more about it.

UPTIME INSTITUTE :

Uptime Institute offers a metric for comparison of energy consumption and implementing continuous improvement. Three of the four “green” parameters can be measured by a group of IT corporate. Data center can be described in terms of IT strategy, asset utilization and efficiency of equipment. This can identify areas requiring urgent improvement.
These metrics include the factor of unproductive consumption of infrastructure sites (Site Infrastructure Power Overhead Multiplier, SI-POM) and the factor of unproductive consumption of IT equipment (IT Hardware Power Overhead Multiplier, H-POM). SI-POM – dimensionless ratio, on the basis of which the owner of the data center can judge how much of the energy is consumed by data centers critical IT equipment, and overhead. H-POM is also a dimensionless ratio and indicate what proportion of power supplied to the specific equipment that is lost when you convert energy, or goes to the internal fans instead of it is fed to the components inside the device.

SI-POM is as follows:

SI-POM = consumption of data centers in the general counter / total consumption of the AC in the place of connection for all IT equipments.

Consumption of data center “on the counter.” This is the total consumption of the data center on the testimony of a general counter or the counter of the building. It shows how much power has to be connected to the data center. This option covers all conditions, including non-critical, such as lighting.

Hardware load on the connection. For a single device it comes to power consumption, measurement is carried out where the plug connects to the outlet. When calculating the total IT equipment power is obtained, which should provide the UPS system and the PDU.

H-POM is as follows:

H-POM = AC load equipment in the place of connection / computational load of dc current.

Computation load of equipment. This value describes the number of watts of direct current, which consume the components within the IT equipment.

Both equations assume that the power of IT equipment is measured after all the transformations of energy, switching and conditioning to the IT equipment. To perform these measurements naturally involve wardrobe PDU.

DPC Uptime Institute suggested that, B is the point of load that is measuring equipment in the place of connection. Technology for measuring at point B already exists, to the same place to connect the plug is best for measuring the load of equipment (actual measurement), because it allows to obtain the most accurate information.
Software / firmware achievements include:

Security, including SSL and SSH, Automatic firmware update package via FTP server, Service Active Directory(LDAP and LDAPS), TACACS +, RADIUS, logging, email alert, Team building Outlets, Support DHCP, Intelligent Load Planning, Normal server shutdown, Sentry Power Management (SPM) for control and monitoring of multiple PDU in different places.
A number of the latest hardware advances relate to the high dense applications for the PDU, which is supported by:

Three-phase power (power 208/480 V 3 phase or 230/400 V 3 phase), increase the current rating to meet the higher requirements to the density (products 30, 32 and 60 A), different types of sockets in a single PDU, different output voltages on a single PDU, Modular design for flexible installation, high-precision digital monitoring current TRMS, voltage, active power (W), apparent power (VA), the peak-factor and power factors are measured at each outlet pressure.

These capabilities are designed to satisfy the desire of owner to not only control the data center equipment, but also to manage them in order to improve efficiency through the adoption of better and faster decisions in deploying new devices or problems arise. Many functions allow to calculate the total power load in kW for all devices on a single PDU or for equipment installed in the closet. By specifying the size of the cabinet, you can easily determine the number of kilowatts per square meter. Voltage is measured by input, and the current load is determined for the PDU, the phase or outlet.

POPS integrated With WEB-interface PDU :

Server Technology Company has recently introduced a product category from the POPS with a high level of measurement accuracy for such devices. It provides control for each outlet by the following parameters:

Information on individual outlets is certainly interesting, but the real value to the data center are applications of POPS technology. For example, when organization using the groups of users can be grouped under one outlet IP-address and even include two input power, which makes it easy to determine the energy consumption for the device, device group, a single PDU or cabinet.

This information is consistent with the recommendations of the Green Grid and the Uptime Institute on measuring the load on the connection of IT equipment or on the device itself.

This information can be used for the following tasks:

Calculation of metrics PUE and DCiE under Green Grid and the SI-POM and H-POM on the recommendations of Uptime Institute, Verifying the off specific devices, which need only look at the current image sockets, sending SNMP messages or e-mail can alert the user that the power supply unit is damaged or the device is idle and, therefore, can be turned off or virtualized grouping of outlets to calculate the power used by a specific device, a set of devices or specific applications work with POPS and manager supply (Sentry Power Manager, SPM).

Operating expenses of data center infrastructure and cost of ownership can be crucial in the competition. Many companies require each unit to pay for the power consumption of data center to control the volume of consumable resources, as well as to determine the effectiveness of their use. The same approach is being adopted in the hosting data centers, where the picture changes radically. It is not about how much place the user will require, and about what will be the power density and total consumption. The dominant trend is the transition to a tiered pricing models based on power consumption rather than a simple sale of land, although such an approach is unlikely to be the rapid expansion as the economy is not conducive to hosting data center.

The combination of technology POPS with an integrated software solution, such as SPM,there are a number of advantages in the operation and management of data centers. Grouping and clustering capacity provides a number of unique features and functions.

The expected increase in the cost of power and cooling is the probability of tighter government regulation, to claims of environmental responsibility on the part of customers, and new tools and technologies to determine the effectiveness of incentives for companies to find ways how to make their data centers more environmentally friendly, “green” and effective. This trend is gaining strength as the growing demand for power and cooling can not find satisfaction, and data centers are turned away from regional power grids to provide additional capacity. As a result, as expected, energy credits and compensation for virtualization and other projects will be widely disseminated and will contribute to the emergence of more efficient data centers.

While “Green” trend is gaining momentum, ESDS Fully Managed Data Center in India will continue with contributing to the formation of standards and green environment. ESDS – Data Centers has been awarded with India’s First Green IT Building ’10 from the Government of Maharashtra which truly indicates ESDS is a definition of Green Data Centers.

The calculation of metrics is the first step to control energy consumption and finding ways to improve data center.

Remember that “you can not improve what can’t be measured.

The old saying “The perfect is the enemy of the good” may be acceptable in some circumstances, but in application to the maintenance of Uninterruptible Power Supply Systems (UPS), it can have extremely negative consequences. Because the company uses UPS to ensure uninterrupted operation of its equipment and systems. Appropriate maintenance is critical to ensure optimum performance of the UPS and simultaneously to minimize downtime.

Planned preventative maintenance of UPS – it is a necessity

Studies show that regular preventive care, which allows you to identify and resolve potential problems before they become serious and expensive, it is critical to ensure maximum efficiency of your hardware. Although by definition the UPS to provide uninterrupted operation of the enterprise, from the time and under the influence of environmental performance equipment detoriate and make the organization vulnerable to disruption of power in an emergency. This factor is not considered by many enterprises and even in the data center and it comes before the UPS fails in the absence of prevention.

Planned Preventive Maintenance UPS is very similar to regular inspection of cars. Performing routine maintenance is not only recommended by all vehicle manufacturers, but it also identifies a series of failures before they become serious problems.

Downtime is a costly affair!

Regardless of the evaluation methods, forced outages have been extremely costly. According to Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), power interruptions cost U.S. electricity consumers about $80 billion a year, with the share of short-term disruptions to two-thirds of this amount.

According to EPRI, as a result of outages the U.S. economy annually loses from 104 to 164 billion dollars, and another 15 or 24 billion dollars,it is losing because of the inconsistency of quality of electricity. In addition, the current simple average of the energy system in U.S. is 8 hours and 45 minutes. Use self-contained generators, UPS systems would decrease the value to 5 minutes 15 seconds.

According to the report of “Study of the main causes of load losses”, more than two thirds of all delays could be avoided. Approximately 4% of UPS failures are due to wear and tear, and 20% due to bad batteries. The Research on following causes of downtime gave the results metined below:

Preventable Simple (67%) May Be Caused By The Following Reasons:

* Human Error

* Low-Tech

* Misuse

* Bad Design Solution

* Inadequate Redundancy

* Poor Maintenance

* Inevitable Simple (33%) May Be Caused By The Following Reasons:

* Breakdown Of Equipment (despite appropriate maintenance and testing)

* Violation Of The Chain Of Supply

Cyber Terrorism

Regular preventive maintenance of UPS greatly reduces the likelihood of downtime. The study also found that customers who do not conduct routine inspections, nearly four times more often face with UPS downtime than those twice a year at the recommended preventive examinations.

How To Choose The Best Type Of Uninterruptible Power Supply Service

Over the past few years, administrators have increasingly turn to UPS service centers, after they had an opportunity to not only control but also to analyze the work of the equipment, and sometimes around the clock phone support, and by visiting technicians, which in case of unexpected failures could solve the problem on the spot. Select extended warranty or technical support from the UPS service provider to ensure uninterrupted service throughout its service life, can also be relatively simple process.

How to choose the best type of service for your UPS?

To do this, answer the following questions:

1. What type of UPS service I need?

A. Repair or Replacement

You contact the technical support of the UPS, and then send the UPS to service center. You return with the repaired or new module.

B. Visiting repair

You contact the UPS technical support and qualified staff comes to the site, to diagnose and fix the problems.

Typically, a small UPS (less than 1,000 VA) can be repaired in the workshop, and the UPS capacity from 1,000 VA to 15 kVA can either be sent in the studio, or repaired on the spot. Large UPS, which are either rigidly mounted (can not be disabled) or too heavy. So long the UPS can be operated only on the spot.

2. Should I buy a support agreement, extended warranty, or pay for completion of the work?

A. Agreement on the support or maintenance contracts typically include work and spare parts (electronic components and,or batteries), at least one preventive maintenance per year, as well as the repair time and time of arrival technique in place. Plans can be brought into line
with the majority of needs. You can also include such special services as remote monitoring and replacement of batteries, as well as sets of spare parts.

B. Extension (or base) warranty can also buy the majority decisions of the UPS. Usually, the guarantee includes the provision of specialized parts, such as electronic components, within a specified period of time, but it does not include round the clock service and time of arrival technology in place. Also, the guarantee does not include preventive inspection, although the extended warranty may be included as additional services. The more additional services included in the guarantee, the
more it looks like an agreement on (technical) support.

C. T & M (operation and materials) – this type of service, where repairs are carried out as problems. T & M can be performed either in the studio or on location, depending on the type of product or on the damage, T & Mcan be costly. Customers who have entered into an agreement (contracts) on the technical support is always served first, so when T & M vehicle departure time may be up to five days, depending on the product and client sites.

Remember that the warranty includes repair, but did not indicate the time and speed of its implementation. Agreement on technical support include the repair, as well as time and speed of its execution (or quick replacement as opposed to wait for the return of repaired product).

Pay special attention to (service) to be included in the guarantee or agreement on technical support. In an agreement on technical support or warranty (on) large UPS typically includes the maintenance of electronic components, batteries and maintenance is an additional (paid) service. Twenty percent of customers purchase maintenance services of large UPS batteries, but most pay for them only when its necessary.

3. What should be included in the list of services?

A. Electronic Components of UPS and work.

B. UPS battery and work.

Usually, batteries are often the main cause of failure needs to be changed at least once every five years. It may be necessary in more frequent battery replacement, particularly if they are often discharged or working in warm conditions.

C. Preventive maintenance.

Preventive maintenance allows outbound equipment annually inspect, test, calibrate and upgrade any of the UPS and / or storage system, thereby guaranteeing the factory specifications.

D. Remote monitoring.

Remote monitoring allows the manufacturer or service provider to monitor the UPS and / or battery systems to accelerate the repair and early detection of potential problems.

In the guarantee and maintenance agreement, you can include individual services. In the guarantee (at) UPS may include maintenance of electronic (systems) within 90 days and provision of spare parts for one year, while the service battery is included as a separate manufacturer’s warranty. However, some of the decisions and the guarantee provided by UPS and maintenance agreement providing for spare parts and maintenance of electronic systems and / or battery are within one or two years.

4. What should be the volume and speed of service?

A. Around the clock service (24×7). The technician should respond to calls and provide services at any time, including weekends and holidays.

B. Standard service during business hours (8 × 5, ie from Monday to Friday during office hours). In case of problems, they must be addressed during business hours.

With response times in hours (8 hours, 4 hours, 2 hours). This type of service determines the speed of travel technology in place. In some situations, response time can be very important because it determines the speed of solution.

Consider options around the clock (7 × 24) or standard (5 × 8) service, as well as the expected time of arrival of equipment at the place (8/4/2). You can buy plans with different combinations of services, but keep in mind that leaving in place for two or four hours, can often be performed only by large companies with a sufficient number of staff.

What is the lifetime of the UPS and how much should its services cost?

A. Lifetime big UPS typically ranges from 15 to 20 years.

B. Small UPS can last at least 10 years, but they often change much more
frequently.

C. The service life of the UPS can be increased or extended by the standard preventive maintenance, replacement components and kits for upgrading and / or modification. You can also replace the batteries and capacitors to upgrade the UPS and provide years of reliable power protection.

D. Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) largely dependent on the size of the UPS, the number and type of batteries, the number and type of desirable services. For example, if the UPS batteries are often low, the cost of very basic warranty service can be from 5 to 10% of the purchase price of the product and the cost of a comprehensive agreement on expanded support may not exceed more than 35% of the purchase price of goods per year.

Compliance with maintenance plan specific requirements

The answers to these five questions may not always be straightforward. A maintenance plan is essential to improve the working parameters and improve the reliability of UPS in any data center. Because regardless of the specific plan of care, effective maintenance saves time and money by minimizing the time and accordingly, the cost of downtime, as well as by increasing the return on investment by extending the service life of electrical equipment.

Therefore, in most cases it is better to communicate with the manufacturer, distributor or service technicians that can responded to your questions and recommend the type of service that matches your needs and opportunities.