As always when there’s something new in the market it is the most talked about topic. Similarly, with the launch of Peer to Peer there was a buzz around. When things come into existence its obvious that people start comparing with the products available in the industry. Peer to Peer (P2P) is a distributed application architecture which has multiple servers connected to each other, which can be said as computing or networking that has partitions tasks or work loads between peers. Peers are equally privileged, equipotent participants in the application. They are said to form a peer-to-peer network of nodes.

On the other hand dedicated servers act as the individual identity and one of the best opted solutions for the businesses. As we all know that dedicated server hosting is the most advantageous and robust technology which provides many a benefits to the users. Dedicated servers have own set of parameters and not being shared on any platform by any other user, all the resources are meant to be used by the single user itself. Whereas, Peers make a portion of their resources, such as processing power, disk storage or network bandwidth, directly available to other network participants, without the need for central coordination by servers or stable hosts. Peers are both suppliers and consumers of resources, in contrast to the traditional client–server model where only servers supply, and clients consume.

Dedicated Web Hosting Solution is basically considered by the large business groups who has the requirement of larger bandwidth, huge amount of space and has so many different requirements. Very small businesses, those with less than a handful of PCs, often use informal peer-to-peer networks to share files and printers. In sharp contrast to a more robust client/server network with a dedicated server computer, a peer-to-peer network is often selected to keep costs to a minimum and is generally built around a consumer-oriented operating system, such as Microsoft Windows 98.

There can be so many advantages and pitfalls too of investing in both the servers. It depends on the requirement and the particular choice of the people what exactly they are looking for. If we discuss about the Gaming server part then surely we a handful of information to distinguish them like in dedicated server Nobody is the host. There is minimal ping difference, as people always tend to join servers closest to them, therefore the lag, in 99% of cases. When we speak about peer to peer server as the name implies, is a way of having an online game with no servers involved apart from a master server (like IWNet, the server for MW2 on PC, PS3 and 360). Basically, it looks for the person with the best connection. The best upload speed will be the best host. Generally, Dedicated Servers are paid for by the community, not the game developers. All the game developers need to do is have a master server, like any other, to hold the list of all the servers people have bought and maintained with their own money. On the Peer to Peer side P2P is choice free, and completely controlled. P2P has playlists. This means you just choose to play a game type like CTF or Domination or Team Slayer / Team Deathmatch.

From the above discussion its more over clear that which is a better option to opt for. This gives a fair view about the Dedicated web servers as well as the Peer to Peer servers.

Dedicated server is one of the most popular type of web hosting. Because of its security, reliability and feature of full control dedicated web hosting server is most demanded. The dedicated reseller hosting  is for resellers who want to utilize the full power of a dedicated server with no resource limits and no resource sharing with other resellers.

Reselling dedicated servers through Ubiquity is easy! With any of the dedicated server purchased one can easily start with their reseller hosting. One can create hosts according to the plan opted for dedicated server reseller, generally it comes with the hosts unlimited cPanel accounts with Zero resource restrictions. Having your dedicated server reseller account means freedom and independence with full control and security.

Generally the web hosting providers provide no limits on the amount of servers you can resell. Dedicated server hosting is best known for the its reliability and the robust features. Dedicated server reseller is available in both the platforms say if you need to opt for Linux platform then it will be available in dedicated linux reseller platform or for windows even it will be available in dedicated windows reseller platform, so as to have the choice open.

With any of the dedicated server reseller you get a liberty of  being a webmaster of your own dedicated server, availing of a robust configuration of software aimed at meeting the most sophisticated online demands. This server comes with the root or administrator access, so as to have proper control over the server, you will have the ability to install and configure additional dedicated server hosting software when you need to. For this purpose, however, you should possess the necessary skills to maintain and manage a web server.

Many hosts provides cheap dedicated server reseller hosting. Dedicated Server solution will become apparent. With most web hosting companies you can get both Windows and Linux-based Dedicated Servers, depending on your preferences or needs. Dedicated servers owners have their full control over the server with the liberty to install any softwares, they can use their server as they want like they can start with the reseller hosting services and above all the advantage is that it is not being shared by any other user.

This is a very robust and most feasible option for large business groups and can prove to be fruitful at times. The data is highly secured and is generally managed by the web host providers if one takes fully managed services.

Cloud computing is the major shift in the web hosting environment. Looking at the coming era its a strong belief that cloud computing is gonna take a huge place in the web hosting world. Cloud computing is a dynamically scalable and often virtualised form of hosting. Where as, if we speak about the dedicated server this is the most common and reliable form of web hosting and is been there from the past several years. Many big businesses are still running on the dedicated server as because of the performance, scalability and security.

There are many advantages associated with the new virtualized technology of cloud computing which may often considered as much beneficial for businesses. A lot of cloud hosting service providers charge their users on a pay utility model which includes payments for the use – like an electricity payment model. In the dedicated server model, the ownership of the server lies in the hands of the organization that has paid for it.

The basic reason sticking to the dedicated server hosting is the security and full control over the server. The utility of the cloud can be best understood as a progression in the field of shared and virtual hosting technology, with resources of many servers being shared amongst the cloud users.

One of the other factors which is involved is the time factor to deploy a new dedicated server requires a significant amount of work and takes a long time. Hardware must be selected, hard drives, memory, and networking equipment must be installed. Then the hardware must be racked and plugged into power and network . Whereas, with Gigantic Cloud Servers deploying a ready-to-use server is quick and easy. Simply select one of the many server types available, Select the software which you require and within a few minutes your entire Cloud Server is deployed, configured and ready for use!

Cloud computing servers are still in their initial stage where there is still a lot of research has to be done, but dedicated servers are there from history of the web hosting industry and the service has been proved to be more successful uptill now.

One of the advantages with cloud is that this has been considered as the cheap alternative of web hosting and in comparison the dedicated web server is a costly affair. Generally the cloud hosting services are made keeping in mind of virtualised technology which provides easy and affordable solution to the clients.

Cloud has been notoriously unreliable in the recent past and it would be very difficult if the data goes off-line for a long period, or your applications are down without warning. In comparison, dedicated server has the history of more successive rate, thus considered to be more reliable.

One of the most considerable point is : In dedicated web server hosting there is a data security as the owner has the full control over the resources and the applications but cloud hosting or computing is much like internet. The data is accessible by a lot of clients at the same point of time. So, a lot of concerns actually arise about the safety of the data.

In the latest Linux distributions so-called RedHat based distributions installation ligament Apache+PHP+MySQL presents no special problems. But, as always, sometimes there are little pitfalls that often confuse novice admins, owners of dedicated web servers, and programmers.

We describe this process as an example with Fedora Core 4.

We go to the server as root and type the following commands:
yum install httpd (this we have established in apache);
yum install PHP (this we have established in php);
yum install mysql-Server (this we have established in mysql);

and the final touch:

yum install php-mysql
without this bunch of php + mysql will not work.

The default is typically not installed in GD libraries (often used by various scripts) and mbstring (the library require phpmyadmin). For this, we collect the following commands:

yum install php-mbstring
yum install php-gd

Also, I am still faced with the fact that the characters of other languages appear as question marks. This is because the Apache force indicates all files to UTF-8. This can be fixed in the configuration file of httpd.conf .

Look there are lines:

# Specify a default charset for all content served; this enables
# Interpretation of all content as UTF-8 by default. To use the
# Default browser choice (ISO-1 eight thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine), or to allow the META tags
# In HTML content to override this choice, comment out this
# Directive:

# AddDefaultCharset UTF-8

And check that before AddDefaultCharset UTF-8 always stood the pound sign.

Here’s the secret installation. Now write ntsysv and put an asterisk in front of emerging service httpd and mysqld to ensure that these services are started automatically after reboot.

When you look at any technical aspect of the server it is considered that it may come up with an technical issues. Similarly, active directory issues on dedicated servers is one of them. The technical aspect can face some or the other issues because it is automated not man made. Active Directory sites are a very important topic and yet are commonly misconfigured. A site is a combination of the physical (wires, cables, routers, etc.) and the logical (Active Directory configuration, IP Subnet, etc.). A site may span one or more domains. A site needs to be able to allow all the domain controllers within it to replicate to each other in a timely fashion. Clients will treat all DCs in the site as equals.

There are different active directories issues that may occur like Dynamic DNS Update Problems, Mail delivery Problems, Internet Protocol (IP) configuration, Active network connection during installation, Client connections and High-Encryption Pack and Internet connection software. Some of these are explained below:

IP Configuration : The issues with IP Configuration can be said as the one of the very common or basic issues in which if one doesn’t uses a dedicated IP then the DNS registration may not work So, one needs a dedicated IP address to install, the Active Directory domain controller should point to its own IP address in the DNS server list to prevent possible DNS connectivity issues, and Active Directory functionality shouldn’t be lost.

Active Network Connection Required During Installation : the heading itself explains that while installation is on there must be active network connection required. Active Directory Installation Failed’ Error Message When You Use Dcpromo.exe to Promote a Server

DNS Configuration : The DNS configuration plays an important role in installing active directory issues it (DNS) supports Active Directory DNS entries (SRV records) must be present for Active Directory to function properly. You need to keep in mind the following DNS configuration issues when you install Active Directory on a home network:

* Root zone entries
* DNS forwarders

Client Connections : Client connections are of prime importance when you look up into Active directories. To prevent any issues of active directories in client connections, the clients should connect to the Active Directory domain controller using an internal network on a second network adapter. This helps clients to obtain an IP address from your Internet service provider (ISP). To achieve this configuration with a second network adapter on the server connected to a hub you can do it with the help of above point of IP address. You can use NAT or ICS to isolate the clients on the local network. To ensure the optimum DNS connectivity The clients should point to the domain’s DNS server. The DNS server’s forwarder will then allow the clients to access DNS addresses on the Internet.

High-Encryption Pack and Internet Connection Software : The most important aspect of any web based technology is Internet connection. Basically the softwares which must be used, if your Internet connection requires the installation of an Internet connection program from your ISP, be aware that older versions of these connection programs that are not specifically designed to work with Windows 2000 may cause startup issues if you install them on a Windows 2000-based computer.

The IRC is channel of communication for the assessment of learning in the System of Interactive Learning .

Introduction to IRC (Internet Relay Chat)

The means of communication through the network is responsible for mass delivery of vast amounts of information, which in some cases fail to be processed by humans, the skills of selection and systematization of information together with communication skills are increasingly necessary. Through the Internet, it provide motivating and effective ways of teaching and learning, the crucial point is how to try this Effective communication and achieve the objectives expected and how to support connecting students from different backgrounds.

The incorporation of technologies in distance education are effective if designed and implemented in order to express and promote learning, collaboration and evaluation. Regarding the assessment of learning in the Interactive Learning Systems, the techniques of information and communication, can realize the following types of evaluation: automatic, encyclopedic-type and collaborative. This test is aimed to consider the Chat as tool communication potential in the ongoing evaluation of attitudes and procedures of learning in interactive learning systems and therefore in the processes involving the collaborative assessment.

Development of IRC (Internet Relay Chat)

The IRC (Internet Relay Chat) popularly known as chat, is a medium of communication that allows conversations in time via a live Internet, but is normally used to chat online, it also serves to transmit files. The IRC was originally designed by Jarkko Oikarinen in summer 1988. The first web servers were established in Finland and from there, spread over 60 countries. The first two networks were Efnet and Anet (1990), then Undemet (1993) and Dalnet (1994).

Just as the Web requires a browser such as Explorer or Netscape, to view a site, you  must install a program of IRC on the computer if you want to chat. Therefore, to access a chat, it is necessary to run the IRC client program and then connect to a server that offers the service. There are groups of servers connected together to form IRC networks so that a user of India can chat with one from USA or UK through the various servers that connect to a network.

Through this resource, You can write messages for other users to see through a window Conversation in the screen, use of It allows among other things, “apply methodologies of teaching and learning, by a facilitator, practice skills and strategies with the moderator and other participants. Assess student learning , make discussions of a given material, Do activities in cooperative groups, Facilitate individual and group consultations with the moderator, Perform an online interactive test of a particular topic among others.

The guide for teachers and tutors in virtual learning environments, define the Chat as a resource for real-time communication that requires the participation of partners at the same time. In WebCT chat rooms, there are four general purpose whose conversations are recorded so that the teacher can refer as many times as they want. For optimal use, we recommend that teachers develop a script of the content that aims to address during the conversation, and ensuring that the same group of students is not excessive (the media proper is ten people). The appointment (date and time) for the chat will be announced well in advance and seek to meet the needs of participants.

Editing messages

Written communication is important in the classroom teaching and fundamental education. At the time of writing using a resource such as Chat, there should be some guidelines to edit messages so that they comply with the best possible way function communicative pursued.

Rules to abide by the participants in a chat:

• Be courteous and do not use colloquial expressions that can be misinterpreted.
• Respect their own rules specificis have in place to chat.
• Treat all participants with respect.

Regarding the teacher:

If you have started a debate in the chat, do not divert the issue by trying to bring exchange of views to a different field. If convenient, help the channel to discussion without involving a departure from it.

By sending first message to the students, directed a greeting to the members of group and introduce yourself simply and honestly, so that students gain confidence from the first moment.

Take your mistakes, if there has been some kind of misunderstanding or at fault, it is important to assume, pride in writing is more eloquent than pride transmitted orally.

Act as mediator to avoid clashes between students who exchange messages in chat.

Send specific messages to chat, this will help to deal in depth with and without scattering the topic under discussion.

Use correct subject line, do not use words like “Help!” or “SOS”, summarize the subject in two or three words of the message to provide a fair idea about the content.

To stimulate a debate, send messages that include contributions on the subject. No group should ask things like “why no one talks about this issue?” if we steer the discussion around a particular aspect, it is important to provide a view flexible enough so that it does not condition the participants and stimulating to encourage them to intervene.

If you want to convey emotions, you can also use icons like emoticons or smileys, these serve to avoid misinterpretation of sarcasm or irony not looking for the joke, if there is not a touch of humor in the message.

Do not write text in capital letters, equivalent to shout or raise the voice in conversation, the messages written entirely in capitals are more uncomfortable to read.

Do not pressure on students, if you think that indications are not being properly followed, explain politely how you want to elapse interventions and reason their discomfort.

Considerations on the use of chat when evaluating the learning of students.

Advantages of IRC (Internet Relay Chat)

The benefits of assessment using the IM are so obvious, and their limitations, both realities are manifested in the numerous applications of this type of evaluation in the network, its contribution is reflected in the immediacy of displaying the correct answer that is actually very important for students but also for the teacher because the action of feedback rests on it. The automatic response may be equalized to that teaching presence in which the teacher validates the content of what the student has answered. Automation done immediately connects the question to the validity of the answer that is a pedagogically valuable contribution. Also in this kind of approach used in the evaluation of detection of programming teacher at the level of learning is progressively more complex. The advantage of introducing the use of technology is not located in a computer, but is situated in the same network so it can be shared by students.

The chat is set up as a medium exchange of ideas and as tool of communication potential in the ongoing evaluation of attitudes and procedures of learning as it allows greater participation for student instantly and progressive, offering feedback, it is essential to identify how the students are getting benefit from the course, which could serve as a motivator, both individually and collectively, encouraging collaborative learning.

Using the Chat, the teacher can have a bank of questions, which can develop along the same, evaluating and contrasting participation if students have achieved certain learning and whether they have reached the objectives of the course.

Disadvantages of IRC (Internet Relay Chat)

The IRC allows different users to simultaneously gather around channels or topics of conversation of all kinds, in these channels the user express their views in writing and in time real. To be able to use IRC students must be connected to the channel at the same time, this connection allows us to establish the conversation between users. The channels, also known by the name of groups or rooms are virtual places where attendees agree to discuss certain topics more diverse. Any user cannot open a new channel and expects to enter without an appointment and / or a schedule to participate in chat, much less if the chat is oriented towards a process of assessment of learning.

Posts in some cases may be misunderstood by others, given that they lack a Key series to better understand the meaning of words such as gestures and / or tone of voice, the absence of a “face to face” between the two sides, therefore, we must be careful when writing other posts which may offend to others without that was really the intention.

A key element in the use of tools of communication synchronous, as the case of Chat educational purposes is the management of time. In an asynchronous communication environment, the student can access the virtual classroom or the forum discussion at any time and to make contributions after a period of reflection. With these asynchronous methods, students have the luxury of time, messages are sent as the convenience of the participants, giving them time to read, process and / or respond.

However, for this reason a meeting or seminar could be extended over time, which should be considered in its planning. In a synchronous environment, it is to coordinate the time with a geographically dispersed group and organize it so that everyone can participate in similar conditions. On the other hand, in groups of people from different countries / continents time differences are very important in planning participation. In any case, this communication tool that works is necessary for the group of participants is small, taking into account time differences and establish procedures for the equitable participation of all members of the course.

From the viewpoint of the teacher – student, consider the time required to develop an evaluation action through the chat, since this is much higher than that used in a kind face. Although the amount of time required may seem daunting, the level and quality of participation by students can help assess positively the time spent.

Conclusion on IRC (Internet Relay Chat)

The electronics communication will be developed in different ways, but there are a number of factors that are fundamental to the construction of online learning communities. Some psychologists have warned for the dangers that can result in the use of this new type of communication for some people, altering their sense of self and others, or create new barriers to communication for people with difficulties in their relationships. The creation and maintenance of a community of learning through synchronous communication tools raises the definition of a set of rules to facilitate trade. These rules should be flexible, reduced in number and assumed by the group after a debate that explicit the expectations of teachers and students regarding their participation. The honesty and openness are values to be respected in any online media environment, from which students and teachers can cultivate friendship, empathy or psychological help to others. Participation is essential to evaluate and test whether students have achieved certain learning and whether they have achieved the objectives of the course. Students must also receive immediate feedback on how this is being used of the course.

In teaching online, although it may appear otherwise, there are many materials for the evaluation of students, since most communication is in writing. The chat, or any form of debate “on line” in real time, hardly possible to develop a productive discussion or participation and, often, is reduced to an exchange between two people with very deep in content.

It is possible that a participant who wants to respond to a message left several lines before, cannot do so immediately because of the number of participants or the speed of the connection. To develop real-time, students who write more quickly can overload the chat messages without respecting others participation. In the IRC networks, there rules of behavior must be met by respect and education to all participants, when entering a channel is due to greet the other participants, just as they are greeted upon entering a meeting. Before intervention, it is recommended to follow the conversation that remains between users.

In an everyday situation, no one interrupts a conversation initiated by other parties without notice of the item being treated. When entering a question or made a speech and nobody in the channel responds to our request or proposal, does not have to repeat the same message, if one insists on excess hinders the flow of communication easily disturb more than one user.

It is very important to not to insult or disrespect the channel members. As the messages are texts have to be careful with the script used, the use of capitals is interpreted as a rise in tone of voice and even yell and nobody likes to participate in a conversation of this type, the reading of messages in all caps is more strenuous than those used properly is case sensitive.

MySQL Administrator is the new server management software Database MySQL has created. This is a software platform, which is available for Linux and Microsoft Windows and has a graphical user interface.

This product can fill gaps that have MySQL Control Center in the Server Management. MySQL Control Center is now deprecated, obsolete and is not developed. It was replaced by the set of programs of MySQL Administrator and MySQL Query Browser.

MySQL Administrator is a tool to perform administrative tasks on Dedicated MySQL Servers.

It includes:

• Configuring the boot options Servers
• Starting and stopping servers
• Monitoring server connections
• User Management
• Server health monitoring, including usage statistics
• Viewing server logs
• Managing backups and recoveries
• Display data catalogs.

Installation and configuration:

The program can be downloaded from the MySQL website at http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/administrator , also on the website of MySQL there are a number of FAQs that assist in the installation in case of doubt, although it is fairly simple, in http://www.mysql.com/products/administrator/ .

Once installed you must configure a first connection to MySQL server for access to the administration.

In the setup, screen should specify the data server, user name, password and port, the database to which you want to connect.

Once entered correctly, the screen of the program:

From the main screen you can see the information on the database server that is connected, and the characteristics of the machine that is running the program.

In the menu bar via Tools, you have access to a system console (Windows or Linux depending on the case), a client connecting to MySQL on command line and MySQL Query Browser. From this menu, you access the administrator’s settings and connections that are configured:

In this section the stored connections to servers are configured.

Some utilities accessible from the main window are:

Service control: Starting and stopping servers (available only if connected to a MySQL server on the local machine).

Startup variables and server configuration variables start (only accessible if you have connected to MySQL server on the local machine).

User Administration: To manage users and permissions.
Server Connections: View and manage open connections to the database server.
Health: Information on server load
Server Logs: The logs record the server.
Replication Status: Using information from the replicated systems.
Backup: To back up the databases.
Restore: To restore the backup.
Catalogs: To display the database, view, create and edit tables.

Conclusion

A MySQL database was missing a tool like MySQL Administrator. No doubt this is an extremely useful and essential program for visually managing MySQL servers.

Many of the settings of the database are very simple to understand and use, at least all the basic options. In conjunction with MySQL Query Browser, allows us to manage every aspect of a MySQL database.

In the web hosting industry there is been always a buzz about the word dedicated server. Many people opt for dedicated servers as it gives them more security than any other server options. But everything which has some advantages also comes with some minus points as well. Dedicated servers are generally considered as a costly affair- means as far as cost is concerned its pretty more than compared to others.

But what if one really wants to go ahead with dedicated server and even don’t want to spend that much…. here’s the solution a Virtual Dedicated Server (VDS) . Virtual Dedicated Server refers to a virtual server. A VDS is considered as one of the more powerful dedicated server. One can run multiple operating system on VDS which is in compare to VPS (Virtual Private Server) is not possible, being on the Virtual environment itself.

Basically in Dedicated Web Server is a single web server within a network of computers dedicated solely to one customer, whereas, a Virtual Dedicated Server hosting approach uses a special partitioning technology to create multiple “virtual” servers out of one physical server. In VDS the server behaves like a single server, isolating each client from other, in a completely separate space.

Dedicated server are generally used by large business house or by gaming site users for their huge requirement of space and bandwidth. In dedicated server the softwares can be configured to meet the precise needs and wants, high traffic etc. And, in Virtual Dedicated Servers also it allows you to have your own applications as you want. You can host as many sites as you want without worrying about the limitations of space and bandwidth in VDS.

Virtual Dedicated Servers which are based on the Virtualization Technology give the liberty to the hosting environment to create the multiple virtual servers on one physical server, thus reducing the costs to each hosting client while providing most of the benefits of a full-on dedicated server. Virtual dedicated servers meet the needs of web sites that have outgrown garden-variety shared hosting, but which don’t yet justify the expense of their own dedicated server.

VDS provides many features and advantages like, in VDS environment you have the ability to change server configurations, install software, update packages, shut it down, reboot it, host multiple sites — essentially, anything you could do with your own dedicated server you can do with a virtual dedicated server, for a fraction of the cost.

There are numerous benefits of a Virtual Dedicated Server which can give you the best experience of hosting environment like, You get to be in control of the virtual server. You can choose to configure your server(s) the way you like. You can enjoy several additional services as offered by the host. You have the flexibility of removing and changing these services anytime. The virtual server offers security from the threats on other websites. It lets you employ measures to counter hackers and the like.

In concluding points we can say that Virtual dedicated servers are the best alternative for the dedicated server as per the requirements, providing you all the benefits and on the lower prices than the Dedicated servers are concerned.

Advantages

Centralization of control: access, resources and integrity of the data are controlled by the dedicated hosting server so that a program or unauthorized client cannot damage the system. This centralization also facilitates task of updating data or other resources (better than the networks P2P).

Scalability: You can increase the capacity of clients and servers separately. Any element can be increased (or enhanced) at any time, or you can add new nodes to the network (clients or servers).

Easy maintenance: distribute the roles and responsibilities to several standalone computers, you can replace, repair, upgrade, or even move a server, while  customers will not be affected by that change (or minimally affect). This independence of the changes is also known as encapsulation.

There are technologies sufficiently developed, designed for the paradigm of C / S to ensure security in transactions, interface friendliness, and ease of use.

Disadvantages

Traffic congestion has always been a problem in the paradigm of C / S. When a large number of simultaneous clients send requests to the same server might cause many problems for this (to more customers, more problems for the server). On the contrary, P2P networks each node in the network server also makes more nodes, the better bandwidth you have.

The paradigm of C / S Classic does not have the robustness of a network P2P. When a server is down, customer requests cannot be met. In most part, P2P networks resources are usually distributed across multiple nodes of the network. Although some out or abandon download, others may still end up getting data download on rest of the nodes in the network.

The software and hardware of a server are usually very decisive. A regular computer hardware staff may not be able to serve a certain number of customers. Usually you need specific software and hardware, especially on the server side, to meet the work . Of course, this will increase the cost.

The client does not have the resources that may exist on the server. For example, if the application is a Web, we cannot write the hard disk of the client or print directly on printers without taking before the print preview window of the browser.

VOIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) is the technology for voice conversations with Internet network or any IP . This means that, it sends the voice signal into digital form in packets rather than send it in digital form or analog circuits using a mobile phone company or conventional PSTN (acronym for Public Switched Telephone Network).

The protocols used to send voice signals over the IP network protocol is known as Voice over IP or IP protocols. These can be seen as commercial applications of the “experimental Network Voice Protocol (1973) invented for the ARPANET.

Voice over IP can drive through any IP network, including those connected to the Internet, such as local area networks ( LANs ).

It is very important to differentiate between Voice over IP (VOIP) and telephony over IP.

VOIP is a set of standards, devices, protocols, ultimately the technology which enables voice over IP protocol.

Telephony over IP phone service is available to the public, so numbered I.164 , made with VOIP technology.

History of VOIP (Voice over Internet Protocol)

The first technology for telephony over Internet is presented in February 1995 year of VocalTec . The proposed Internet phone is primitive compared with the available technology today. The software was originally designed to run on a computer with 33 486 MHz processor or higher, whereby the user will talk with another user using a modem to the computer sound card ( speakers and microphone ). In the process of transfer, the software transforms (compressed) voice that is spoken into the microphone. Then the compressed voice is transported over IP packet data format as a standard Internet session. With this technology, however, the conversation is limited to two computer user (PC to PC).

About a year later, in March 1996 year, again the company VocalTec announced that it will work with other companies for production of hardware called the Voice Gateway, which enables audio connections between phone and Internet phone with the public switched telephone network ( PSTN ). There still remains a challenge, namely how to address and reach the user on a computer located anywhere in the world. To that end user needs to know IP -address of the remote computer, and it is not easy to find if there was no previous contact with him. Voice Gateway is looking for another one, which is stored telephone number of user searches. Telephone number is easier than IP-address. Thus the functionality of the Voice Gateway deal simultaneously with barriers to grid connection and addressing.

Description of VOIP (Voice over Internet Protocol)

Upon receipt of an analog voice (standard voice) by telephone, Voice Gateway first digitized signal and compress the new digital signal in the form of standard data blocks, known as IP packets. They are sent over the Internet to the entrance of the Voice Gateway, where the process is reversed. With this technology it is possible to make three different types of calls: PC to PC, PC to phone, and phone to phone.

The process of Internet telephony starts calling – the system computer, microphone and headphones, wanting to connect to the called party – the phone from the public telephone network). A provider of Internet calling taking the necessary software connects to the called party and a telephone number to the ISP that provides service (VOIP). Using a microphone, caller party then talk to him and the voice signal is transferred to the Voice Gateway, where it is digitized (if the signal is not digital). From here, IP packets are transferred over the Internet on the road, which is determined by the Voice Gateway to the supplier until it reaches the remote Voice Gateway. It in turn becomes IP packets in the voice signal and transfers the voice of the local PSTN to the called party. From here, the phone of the called party will signal incoming calls. Both sides can conduct fully directional (duplex) conversation. The same example can be easily described and links PC to phone and computer to computer.

Standards of VOIP (Voice over Internet Protocol)

And to methods for transferring data and VOIP in developing standards to achieve uniformity of treatment and transport. To achieve interoperability, standards are created by software that a company can connect with software to another company. H.323 and SIP standards are warning calls while G.711A / U, G.729 (b), Standards G.723 for audio encoding, through their various software and hardware devices are able to communicate over the Internet.

Requirements of VOIP (Voice over Internet Protocol)

In addition to the standard set of software development for telephony over the Internet at any connection, PC – to – PC or PC – to – phone, the hardware must also adhere to the minimum system requirements. The software phone VocalTec inc. not require processing of 486/33 MHz, and today most software products require at least 166 Mhz processor. Sound and network interface for connection over the Internet to have duplex mode. With increasing system requirements and increased quality of voice in the conversation. Traditional speed signal transmission are approximately 64 Kb / S. While some users still connect at speeds under 56 Kb / S, they also receive relatively good sound quality. Voice quality decreases when the speed of the connection decreases.

Advantages of VOIP (Voice over Internet Protocol)

Internet telephony has two primary advantages of working in favor of consumers.

• Decrease the cost of telephone calls in long distance. Using free software (eg DIALPAD, Skype , ICQ ) price is limited to the cost to your local Internet provider, thereby eliminating monthly fees and pay per minute for calls to PSTN.
• Even from the perspective of the PSTN companies use Internet telephony that also cuts costs in long distance international telephone network. The benefit of large companies from service providers for telephony (ITSP) is that their savings are becoming larger with increasing the volume of the calls. Investment to purchase the Voice Gateway, to connect PSTN to the Internet is high, but technological development leads to a systematic drop in the price of quality hardware. It is also important that the investment is disposable.
• Multi-functionality of the communication link to the user. Many people today still use a modem to connect to the Internet and most of them have only one telephone line. So they are not able to both access the Internet and make calls over the phone.
• Alternatives to Internet telephony are DSL technology and ISDN technology. DSL technology, however, favors the maintenance of expensive calls over PSTN. Of ISDN technology, the need for two phone lines again works in favor of traditional fixed telecom. Therefore, VoIP solutions meet customer requirements for multiple use of existing lines of communication.

Disadvantages of VOIP (Voice over Internet Protocol)

There are still people who do not have Internet access at home. Although their number is constantly decreasing, the problems with electricity simply can not make calls while in “normal” phone, you can always do it because it is powered by a telephone cord itself. And more: as in all other ways of exchanging information on the Internet and VoIP using “packages”. Since, however, everything that happens in real time at a bad connection, some of the packages must be deliberately “lost”, which leads to fragmentation of audio / video signal. Overall performance of VoIP depends mainly on the connection speed and the distance between the points of connection. In this technology generated traffic causes a certain delay and virtually negligible packet loss due to the nature of the telephone network. Networks with IP traffic on the other hand, for the most part do not contain any prioritization of traffic – i.e. packets containing voice and video, are treated equally with all other packages (e.g. packages generated by P2P or BitTorrent ), which leads to the following problems:

• Packet loss
• packet delay
• Echo
• Interference signal
• Congestion on the network
• Most people use SKYPE

The main way to solve these problems is the use of network equipment that supports prioritization of packets along the link.